Dispatchers obviously need more autonomy, and less data entry, before sending. Primitive telephony is the likely cause.

EMS1 is the leading website and news service for EMS people, and this ‘blog’ is a sterling example of its quality information.

If a pulse is not restored before EMS transport, additional efforts at the receiving hospital almost invariably fail.

From 50% 50 years ago, actual fire calls are now just 1% of fire department responses, who are now just “there to stop the clock”.

In New York the EMS time is about 12 minutes, due to traffic delays and the logistics of getting to victims in high-rise buildings.

As we look around for fresh ideas in the cardiac advocacy realm, there are some novel and promising concepts out there.

The time from arrival on-scene to the patient’s side is important, particularly in multistory buildings

Significant delays present when accessing patients in high-rise buildings and evacuating them to the hospital.

US National NEMSIS cardiac arrest elapsed patient care times as an average (table) and as a 90th Fractile (graph).

Pivotal 2005 study establishes no survival benefit from EMS arrival within 8 min – only if within 4 min.